Dark Matter and Dark Energy:
Scientists exploring the components of the universe are faced with a surprising fact: the matter and energy we can see only make up about 5% of the entire universe. The remaining 95% is occupied by mysterious components called "dark matter" and "dark energy." These cannot be directly observed, and their existence is inferred only through indirect evidence. This article provides a detailed overview of dark matter and dark energy, the history of their discovery, and current ongoing research.
Dark Matter: Invisible Mass
Overview
Dark matter is thought to make up about 27% of the universe's mass. It neither absorbs nor reflects light, making it impossible to observe directly. However, its existence is confirmed through its gravitational effects.
History of Discovery
The existence of dark matter was first proposed in the 1930s by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky. He observed the movements of galaxy clusters and found that visible matter alone could not explain their motion. This "invisible mass" made it possible to explain the observed gravitational effects.
Current Research
Modern science is conducting various experiments and observations to uncover the nature and components of dark matter. For example, detectors placed underground and experiments with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are part of this effort. Space observation satellites are also used to collect indirect evidence of dark matter.
Dark Energy: The Driving Force of the Universe's Expansion
Overview
Dark energy is estimated to make up about 68% of the universe and is thought to be driving the accelerated expansion of the universe. This energy has a repulsive nature and exerts a force that stretches the very fabric of space.
History of Discovery
The existence of dark energy was discovered in the late 1990s by two independent research teams. They observed distant supernovae and confirmed that the universe's expansion is accelerating. This accelerated expansion could not be explained by ordinary matter or energy, necessitating the existence of a new energy component, "dark energy."
Current Research
Projects are underway to uncover the true nature of dark energy by closely observing the large-scale structure of the universe and distant celestial bodies. Examples include the European Space Agency's Euclid mission and the American Dark Energy Survey (DES). These observations are expected to provide detailed insights into the nature and effects of dark energy.
Unsolved Mysteries and Future Prospects
Dark matter and dark energy are among the greatest mysteries in modern cosmology. Solving the mystery of these components is key to understanding the origin and fate of the universe. However, their true nature remains unclear, and many theories and hypotheses have been proposed.
Future research is expected to benefit from more advanced observational technologies and the development of new theories. For instance, next-generation astronomical observation satellites, ground-based telescopes, and high-energy physics experiments may provide new clues to these mysteries. Research into dark matter and dark energy is at the forefront of physics and astronomy, and solving these mysteries could lead to significant leaps in human knowledge.
Conclusion
Despite occupying the majority of the universe, the true nature of dark matter and dark energy remains unresolved. However, by tackling these mysteries, we may come one step closer to understanding the essence of the universe. We look forward to future research achievements and await the day when these mysteries are unraveled.